黑人提升自己音乐地位的努力，终于经过灵歌获得了成功。主要聊聊几位著名的黑人音乐人，James Reese Europe，Will Marion Cook，Henry Burleigh，Nathaniel Dett，Marian Anderson。
《talich 闲侃》，有闲得聊，关注美国流行文化史，网址：https://talich.fm
主要参考文献：
Horowitz, J. (2001). Dvořák and Boston. American Music, 19(1), 3-17.
Adam Gingery, Dvořák and the American Connection
Fenner, Thomas P. (1874) Cabin and plantation songs : as sung by the Hampton students. New York: G.P. Putnam's sons.
Fenner, Thomas P; Cleaveland, Bessie; Rathbun, Frederic G; Hampton Institute; De Vincent Collection of American Sheet Music (1901) Cabin and plantation songs as sung by the Hampton students. New York: London, G.P. Putnam's sons.
Fenner, Thomas P; Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute (Va.) (1909) Religious folk songs of the Negro as sung on the plantations, Hampton, Va.: Institute Press.
Carter, M. G. (2008). Swing along: the musical life of Will Marion Cook. New York: Oxford University Press.
Walker, W. T. (1979). "Somebody's calling my name": Black sacred music and social change. Valley Forge, PA: Judson Press.
Seroff, D. (2001). “A voice in the wilderness”: The Fisk Jubilee singers’ civil rights tours of 1879–1882. Popular Music and Society, 25(1-2), 131–177.
Graham, S. (2006). On the Road to Freedom: The Contracts of the Fisk Jubilee Singers. American Music, 24(1), 1.
Carter, M. G. (2008). Swing along: the musical life of Will Marion Cook. New York: Oxford University Press.
Walton, L. A., White, L. H., K., A. W., & White, L. H. (1978). Black-Music Concerts in Carnegie Hall, 1912-1915. The Black Perspective in Music, 6(1), 71.
Brooks, T. & Spottswood, R. K. (2004). Lost sounds: blacks and the birth of the recording industry, 1890-1919. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
相关录音：
Symphony No. 9 in E Minor, Op. 95, B.178: 1. Adagio - Allegro molto，Antonin Dvorak 作曲，Istvan Kertesz/London Symphony Orchestra 演奏，1967，Decca
Swing Low, Sweet Chariot，Wallace Willis/Minerva Willis 词曲，Fisk University Jubilee Quartet 演唱，1909，Victor
Too Much Mustard，Cecil Macklin 作曲，James Europe/Europe’s Society Orchestra 演奏，1913，Victor
Too Much Mustard，Cecil Macklin 作曲，Victor Military Band 演奏，1913，Victor
Clarinet Marmalade，Larry Shields/Henry Ragas 作曲，Original Dixieland Jass Band 演奏，1918，Victor
Clarinet Marmalade，Larry Shields/Henry Ragas 作曲，Lt. Jim Europe's 369th U.S. Inf. (Hell Fighters) Band 演奏，1919，Pathe
Swing Along，Will Marion Cook 词曲，Will Marion Cook/Afro-American Folk Song Singers 演唱，1914，Columbia
Listen to the Lambs，传统灵歌，Hampton Quartette 演唱，1917，未出版
Listen to the Lambs，R Nathaniel Dett 作曲，William L. Dawson/Tuskegee Institute Choir 演唱，1954，Westminster
In the Bottoms: No. 5, Juba Dance，R Nathaniel Dett 作曲，Percy Grainger 演奏，1917，Columbia
Deep River，传统灵歌，Harry Burleigh 改编，Marian Anderson/Kosti Vehanen 唱奏，1938，Victor
Nobody Knows De Trouble I've Seen，传统灵歌，Harry Burleigh 改编，Oscar Seagle 演唱，1917，Columbia
Go Down Moses，传统灵歌，Harry Burleigh 改编/演唱，1919，Broome
Marian Anderson Sings at the Lincoln Memorial, April 9, 1939，Marian Anderson/Kosti Vehanen 唱奏，1939，Hearst Metrotone News
Negro Folk Symphony - I. The Bond of Africa, William L Dawson 作曲，Yannick Nézet-Séguin/Philadelphia Orchestra, 2023, Deutsche Grammophon
On patrol in no man's land，James Reese Europe/Nobel Sissle/Eubie Blake 词曲，Lt. Jim Europe's 369th U.S. Inf. (Hell Fighters) Band 演奏，1919，Pathe
Jean，Frank Lebby Stanton 词/Henry Burleigh 曲，Nellie Melba/Landon Ronald 唱奏，1910，未出版
In the Bottoms - Barcarolle，R Nathaniel Dett 作曲/演奏，1919，Broome
Listen to the Lambs，R Nathaniel Dett 作曲，Nathaniel Dett Chorale 演唱，2002，Marquis Classics
